Wi-Fi: Station
The Station sample demonstrates how to connect the Wi-Fi® station to a specified access point using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Requirements
The sample supports the following development kits:
Hardware platforms |
PCA |
Board name |
Board target |
Shields |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PCA20053 |
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PCA10143 |
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PCA10143 |
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PCA10095 |
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PCA10056 |
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Overview
The sample can perform Wi-Fi operations such as connect and disconnect in the 2.4GHz and 5GHz bands depending on the capabilities of an access point.
Using this sample, the development kit can connect to the specified access point in STA mode.
The sample uses the Wi-Fi ready library to check Wi-Fi readiness.
To use the Wi-Fi ready library, enable the CONFIG_WIFI_READY_LIB Kconfig option.
User interface
The sample adds LED support to map with connection and disconnection events.
- LED 1:
Starts blinking when the sample is connected to the access point.
Stops blinking when the sample is disconnected from the access point.
Configuration
See Configuring and building for information about how to permanently or temporarily change the configuration.
Configuration options
The following sample-specific Kconfig options are used in this sample (located in samples/wifi/sta/Kconfig):
- CONFIG_CONNECTION_IDLE_TIMEOUT
(int) Time to be waited for a station to connect
None
- CONFIG_NRF70_QSPI_ENCRYPTION_KEY
(string) 16 bytes QSPI encryption key, only for testing purposes
Specify the QSPI encryption key
- CONFIG_STA_CONN_TIMEOUT_SEC
(int) Overall Connection timeout i.e., time to be waited for a station to connect and get an IP address
Specify the connection timeout, in seconds. This is the overall timeout i.e., time to be waited for a station to connect and get an IP address. DHCP retries should be taken into account when setting this value. If the timeout is set to 0, the connection will not timeout.
- CONFIG_STA_SAMPLE_START_WIFI_THREAD_STACK_SIZE
(int) Stack size for Wi-Fi start thread
Set the stack size for the Wi-Fi start thread.
You must configure the following Wi-Fi credentials in the prj.conf file:
Wi-Fi static credential options
If you want to configure the credentials statically, set the CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC Kconfig option to y.
Important
Do not use static credentials in production environments.
Other options for statically configuring your Wi-Fi credentials:
CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC- This option enables static Wi-Fi configuration.CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC_SSID- Wi-Fi SSID.CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC_PASSWORD- Wi-Fi password.CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC_TYPE_OPEN- Wi-Fi network uses no password.CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC_TYPE_PSK- Wi-Fi network uses a password and PSK security (default).CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC_TYPE_PSK_SHA256- Wi-Fi network uses a password and PSK-256 security.CONFIG_WIFI_CREDENTIALS_STATIC_TYPE_SAE- Wi-Fi network uses a password and SAE security.
Note
You can also use menuconfig to configure Wi-Fi credentials.
See Interactive Kconfig interfaces in the Zephyr documentation for instructions on how to run menuconfig.
Quad Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI) encryption
This sample demonstrates QSPI encryption API usage.
You can set the key using the CONFIG_NRF70_QSPI_ENCRYPTION_KEY Kconfig option.
If encryption of the QSPI traffic is required for the production devices, matching keys must be programmed in both the nRF7002 OTP and non-volatile storage associated with the host. The key from non-volatile storage must be set as the encryption key using the APIs.
Power management
This sample also enables Zephyr’s power management policy by default, which sets the nRF5340 System on Chip (SoC) into low-power mode whenever it is idle. See Power Management in the Zephyr documentation for more information on power management.
IP addressing
The sample uses DHCP to obtain an IP address for the Wi-Fi interface. It starts with a default static IP address to handle networks without DHCP servers, or if the DHCP server is not available. Successful DHCP handshake will override the default static IP configuration.
You can change the following default static configuration in the prj.conf file:
CONFIG_NET_CONFIG_MY_IPV4_ADDR="192.168.1.98"
CONFIG_NET_CONFIG_MY_IPV4_NETMASK="255.255.255.0"
CONFIG_NET_CONFIG_MY_IPV4_GW="192.168.1.1"
Building and running
This sample can be found under samples/wifi/sta in the nRF Connect SDK folder structure.
When built as firmware image for a board target with the */ns variant, the sample has Cortex-M Security Extensions (CMSE) enabled and separates the firmware between Non-Secure Processing Environment (NSPE) and Secure Processing Environment (SPE).
Because of this, it automatically includes the Trusted Firmware-M (TF-M).
To read more about CMSE, see Processing environments.
To build the sample, follow the instructions in Building an application for your preferred building environment. See also Programming an application for programming steps and Testing and optimization for general information about testing and debugging in the nRF Connect SDK.
Note
When building repository applications in the SDK repositories, building with sysbuild is enabled by default.
If you work with out-of-tree freestanding applications, you need to manually pass the --sysbuild parameter to every build command or configure west to always use it.
Currently, only the nRF7002 DK is supported.
To build for the nRF7002 DK, use the nrf7002dk/nrf5340/cpuapp board target.
The following is an example of the CLI command:
west build -b nrf7002dk/nrf5340/cpuapp
Testing
After programming the sample to your development kit, complete the following steps to test it:
Connect the kit to the computer using a USB cable. The kit is assigned a COM port (Windows) or ttyACM device (Linux), which is visible in the Device Manager.
Connect to the kit with a terminal emulator (for example, nRF Connect Serial Terminal). See Testing and optimization for the required settings and steps.
The sample shows the following output:
[00:00:02.016,235] <inf> sta: Connection requested [00:00:02.316,314] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:02.316,314] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:02.616,424] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:02.616,424] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:02.916,534] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:02.916,534] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:03.216,613] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:03.216,613] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:03.516,723] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:03.516,723] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:03.816,802] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:03.816,802] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:04.116,882] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:04.116,882] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:04.416,961] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:04.416,961] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:04.717,071] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:04.717,071] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:05.017,150] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:05.017,150] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:05.317,230] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:05.317,230] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:05.617,309] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:05.617,309] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:05.917,419] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:05.917,419] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:06.217,529] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:06.217,529] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:06.517,639] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:06.517,639] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:06.817,749] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:06.817,749] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:07.117,858] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:07.117,858] <inf> sta: State: SCANNING [00:00:07.336,730] <inf> wpa_supp: wlan0: SME: Trying to authenticate with aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff (SSID='<MySSID>' freq=5785 MHz) [00:00:07.353,027] <inf> nrf_wifi: nrf_wifi_wpa_supp_authenticate:Authentication request sent successfully [00:00:07.417,938] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:07.417,938] <inf> sta: State: AUTHENTICATING [00:00:07.606,628] <inf> wpa_supp: wlan0: Trying to associate with aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff (SSID='<MySSID>' freq=5785 MHz) [00:00:07.609,680] <inf> nrf_wifi: nrf_wifi_wpa_supp_associate: Association request sent successfully [00:00:07.621,978] <inf> wpa_supp: wpa_drv_zep_get_ssid: SSID size: 5 [00:00:07.622,070] <inf> wpa_supp: wlan0: Associated with aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff [00:00:07.622,192] <inf> wpa_supp: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff completed [id=0 id_str=] [00:00:07.622,192] <inf> sta: Connected [00:00:07.623,779] <inf> wpa_supp: wlan0: CTRL-EVENT-SUBNET-STATUS-UPDATE status=0 [00:00:07.648,406] <inf> net_dhcpv4: Received: 192.168.119.6 [00:00:07.648,468] <inf> net_config: IPv4 address: 192.168.119.6 [00:00:07.648,498] <inf> net_config: Lease time: 3599 seconds [00:00:07.648,498] <inf> net_config: Subnet: 255.255.255.0 [00:00:07.648,529] <inf> net_config: Router: 192.168.119.147 [00:00:07.648,559] <inf> sta: DHCP IP address: 192.168.119.6 [00:00:07.720,153] <inf> sta: ================== [00:00:07.720,153] <inf> sta: State: COMPLETED [00:00:07.720,153] <inf> sta: Interface Mode: STATION [00:00:07.720,184] <inf> sta: Link Mode: WIFI 6 (802.11ax/HE) [00:00:07.720,184] <inf> sta: SSID: <MySSID> [00:00:07.720,214] <inf> sta: BSSID: aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff [00:00:07.720,214] <inf> sta: Band: 5GHz [00:00:07.720,214] <inf> sta: Channel: 157 [00:00:07.720,245] <inf> sta: Security: OPEN [00:00:07.720,245] <inf> sta: MFP: UNKNOWN [00:00:07.720,245] <inf> sta: RSSI: -57 [00:00:07.720,245] <inf> sta: Static IP address:
RPU recovery
The RPU recovery mechanism is used to recover from the RPU (nRF70) hang. This feature performs an interface reset (down and up), which triggers a RPU cold boot. Application’s network connection will be lost during the recovery process, and it is application’s responsibility to reestablish the network connection.
Testing
To test RPU recovery, you must build the sample with CONFIG_SHELL and CONFIG_NRF70_UTIL Kconfig options.
Trigger RPU recovery using the following command:
wifi_util rpu_recovery_testIf RPU recovery is triggered, you should see an output similar to the following:
RPU recovery triggered
Power management testing
You can use this sample to measure the current consumption of both the nRF5340 SoC and the nRF7002 device independently by using two separate Power Profiler Kit II (PPK2) devices. The nRF5340 SoC is connected to the first PPK2 and the nRF7002 DK is connected to the second PPK2.
See Measuring current for more information about how to set up and measure the current consumption of both the nRF5340 SoC and the nRF7002 device.
The average current consumption in an idle case can be around ~1-2 mA in the nRF5340 SoC and ~20 µA in the nRF7002 device.
See Power optimization for more information on power management testing and usage of the PPK2.
Dependencies
This sample uses the following nRF Connect SDK libraries: